Undescended Testis
Overview
Undescended testis occurs when one or both testicles fail to move into the scrotum before birth. It's common in premature infants and usually correctable with timely treatment.
Symptoms
●An empty or underdeveloped scrotum on one or both sides
●A testicle that can be felt in the groin but not the scrotum
●Asymmetric appearance of the scrotum
Causes
Undescended testis results from incomplete descent during fetal development and is more common in babies born prematurely.
Risk Factors
Premature birth — The strongest risk factor for undescended testis.
Low birth weight — Associated with higher incidence.
Family history — Raises the likelihood in siblings.
Certain genetic conditions — Linked to a higher incidence.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is made on physical examination; ultrasound is occasionally used if the testicle can't be easily felt.
Complications If Untreated
If uncorrected, undescended testis raises the future risk of infertility and testicular cancer, and increases the risk of testicular torsion.
Treatment Options
Prevention Tips
There is no known way to prevent undescended testis.
Lifestyle Advice
Correction, ideally within the first year of life, gives the best long-term outcomes for fertility and testicular health.