Azoospermia
Overview
Azoospermia is the complete absence of sperm in the ejaculate. It falls into two broad categories: obstructive azoospermia, where sperm production is normal but blocked from reaching the ejaculate, and non-obstructive azoospermia, where sperm production itself is impaired.
Symptoms
Causes
Obstruction blocking sperm transport, impaired sperm production, genetic factors, and hormonal imbalances can all lead to azoospermia.
Risk Factors
Diagnosis
Diagnosis includes a repeat semen analysis to confirm the finding, hormone testing, genetic testing where indicated, and a scrotal ultrasound.
Complications If Untreated
Left uninvestigated, an underlying genetic or hormonal cause of azoospermia may go unmanaged alongside the fertility impact.
Treatment Options
Prevention Tips
There's no guaranteed prevention, but prompt treatment of infections and varicocele reduces the risk of some obstructive causes.
Lifestyle Advice
Couples who haven't conceived after a year of trying should seek a fertility evaluation early rather than waiting.
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