RIRS

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RIRS (Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery) is a minimally invasive, incision-free procedure used to treat kidney stones, particularly those located within the kidney itself or in the upper ureter. A thin, flexible ureteroscope is passed through the patient's natural urinary passage — the urethra and bladder — up into the kidney, where a laser fiber fragments the stone into fine dust or small pieces that clear naturally.

Because RIRS requires no external cuts, it typically involves less post-operative pain, a shorter hospital stay, and a faster return to normal activity compared with open or larger keyhole approaches, making it a preferred option for many kidney stones.

RIRS is generally well suited for stones located in the kidney or upper ureter, particularly in the small-to-moderate size range. It is often the preferred option for patients who want to avoid any external incision, for stones in locations that are harder to access with shockwave therapy, and in cases where a patient is not a suitable candidate for PCNL due to anatomy or bleeding risk. A CT scan and clinical assessment determine suitability on a case-by-case basis.

Preparation typically includes routine blood tests, a urine culture to rule out active infection, and review of recent imaging. Patients are usually asked to fast for a few hours before the procedure and to inform the surgical team of any blood-thinning medications, which may need to be temporarily adjusted beforehand.

Most patients are discharged the same day or the following morning. Mild discomfort from the DJ stent — a sensation of urgency or slight blood-tinged urine — is common and typically manageable with prescribed medication. The stent is removed in a brief outpatient visit, usually one to three weeks after the procedure. Most people return to light daily activity within a few days and to normal routines, including work, within a week, while strenuous exercise or heavy lifting is generally avoided for two to three weeks.